Mirang Ca Theihtlei

Van Biak Thang

Any le Some
A tlangpi cun any le some nihhin sullam pakhat an ngeih. Cucu, ‘tlawmpal’ asiloah ‘zeimaw zat’ tinak a si. An i dannak cu any hi negative le question sentence ah hman deuh a si i some hi positive le answer sentence ah hman deuh a si. An pahnih in uncountable he countable nouns he hman khawh an si.

Eg. Would you like any milk in your coffee?
Yes, some please.
Have some more wine please.
I don’t want any more.

Biafang Hliahtu
A tanglei pawl hi a tlangpi in noun, adjective le verb biafang hliahtu an si. Biafang pakhat i a donglei ah pehmi an si. Cucu, suffix an ti.

* Noun
-ion, -ity, -ing, -ness, -ance, -ence, -ncy, -ee, -age, -er/or, -eer, -sis, -hood, -ian, -ist, , -ism, -tude, , -ment. –ics etc.

Eg: Creation, creativity, creating, creativeness, creator, brotherhood, gratitude, politics

* Adjective :
-able, -full, -less, -ial, -ent, -ive, -ary, -ic, -ed, -en, -ous, -ible, -ish, -like

Eg: Usable, useful, useless, essential, impotent, active, childish, childlike …

Verb
-ise, -ize, -iate, -en, -fy,

Eg: Nationalise, iniate, tighten, beautify etc.

A cunglei pawl biafang na hmuh tikah an si zungzal tinak si loin a tam deuh cu mah bantuk zoh in hliah khawh an si titu a sawh duhmi a si.

Question Tuahning
(Biahalnak hi phun li ah kan then lai

1. Verb-to-be (am, is, are, was, were) he halmi
2. Verb-to-have (have, has, had) he halmi
3. Verb-to-do (do, does, did) he halmi
4. Modal verb (can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must) he halmi

A cunglei chungahhin Present, Past, Perfect le Future tiin kan hon then rih lai.

Present Tense In Biahalnak

A: Subject + Verb 1 (s/es) + … (hi dehmi ahhin Object zong a ra kho, asiloah a dangdang an ra kho. Cucu, Verb a dirhmun in zoh khawh a si. Verb hi transitive a si ahcun Object a ra lai i intransitive a si ahcun a dangdang an ra kho.)

Q: Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 (s/es telh ti lo ding) + …?

Eg: Sheila reads her essays to our class.
Does Sheila read her essays to our class?

Past Tense
A: Subject + Verb 2 + …
Q: Did + Subject + Verb 1 (s/es telh lo ding) + …?
Eg: Sheila read her essays to our class.
Did Sheila read her essays to our class?

Perfect Tense
A: Subject + Verb-to-have + (been) + Verb 3 + …
Q: Verb-to-have + Subject + (been) + Verb 3 + …?

Eg: Sheila has read her essays to our class.
Has Sheila read her essays to our class?

Modal Verb
A: Subject + Modal verb + …
Q: Modal verb + subject + …?

Eg: Sheila will read her essays to our class.
Will Sheila read her essays to our class?

Verb-To-Be
A: Subject + Verb-to-be + …
Q: Verb-to-be + Subject + …?

Eg: Sheila is reading her essays to our class.
Is Sheila reading her essays to our class?
Sheila was beaten three times by that boy.
Was Sheila beaten three times by that boy?

S/ES Thlakning
Verb a si ah, Noun a si ah biafang pakhat cu s/es telh kan duh tikah a tlangpi in a tanglei bantukin kan zoh.

1. Biafang pakhat cu s, sh, ch, o, x, z …he a dongh ahcun ‘es’ thlak a si. Tahchunhak: fish = fishes; match = matches; box = boxes; go = goes; jazz = jazzes

2. Biafang pakhat cu ‘y’ in a dong hi a hmai-ah vowel a um ahcun ‘s’ lawng thlak a si. Nain, ‘y’ hmai-ah consonant a um ahcun ‘es’ thlak a si. Tahchunhnak : boy = boys ; baby = babies


3. Bifang pakhat cu ‘f/fe’a dongh i ‘f/fe’ hmai-ah vowel a um ahcun ‘f/fe’ kha hlonh i ‘ives’ tu thlakpiak ding. Tahchunhnak : wife = wives, hoof = hooves ; life = lives

4. A cheu cu ningcang a zul lomi an um len: Ox = oxen; belief = beliefs;


5. A dang paohpaoh cu a tlangpi in ‘s’ telh an si.

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Biatlang Ṭhencheuning

Van Biak Thang

1. A woman was sent to prison.[Subject + Verb-To-Be + Past Participle (Verb 3) + preposition + noun (place)

* A cunglei biatlang hi ‘Passive Voice’ asiloah ‘Passive Sentence’ a si. Subject kan timi Woman a dirhmun khi Subject dirhmun a si nain a sining cu Object a si. A ruang cu amah hi thong ah kuatmi asiloah thong thlakmi a si. cucu, zeinih dah a langhter ti ahcun ‘Verb-to-be’ a simi Was le Verb 3 Sent ruangah a si. Khi zawn ahkhin ‘A woman has sent’ ti si sehlaw, hi nu nihhin aho dik, zeidik thong ah a kuat/thlak tu khi a si hnga. Biatlang pakhat zoh tikah a sining a langtertu pakhat a biapi bik cu ‘Passive maw a si Active’ dah a si ti kha chek a herh. Cucu, ‘Verb’ pawl nih an langhter i cu Verb pawl cu tha tein zoh a herh. A cunglei biatlang kan leh ahcun ‘Minu thong an thlak/kuat’ ti a si. Aho nih dah a kuat ti kha a biapit lo caah an tial chih lo. Kuatu tel loin kuatmi kong kha an chim tikah ‘Passive Voice’ in an hmannak a si.

2. A woman was sent to prison because she bit off a man’s testicle. [... conjunction + subject + verb 2 + object (article + possession + noun)]

* A cunglei biatlang kan zoh than tikah No. 1 ta kha an peh. Zeiruangah dah minu cu thong ah an kuat timi kha a langhter. Cucu, biapehtu a simi because nih a langhter kan ti lai. Because a hon changtu ahkhin ‘Subject’ cun verb, cun object a si. Hi dirhmun kan zoh tikah a biatlang sining hi ‘Active Voice’ a si cang. Cucu, Verb a sining zohin theih khawh a si. Zeitindah kan theih khawh? A chim awk a har ngai. Asining tu cu ‘Active Voice’ le ‘Passive Voice’ formula kha theih a herh. Cucu, kan i cinken i kan theih ah a tha bik. Cu theih hnu lawngah biatlang pakhat kan hmuh tikah fawi tein a kalning le a dirhmun le a sining kan hmuh khawh lai. A cung biatlang Active Voice a si ti kan theih hnu ahcun a lehning kha a fiang cang. ‘Minu nih mipa tilmu a tam’ ti khi a si ko. ‘Bit off’ timi khi biafang kawp a si i cucu Phrase asiloah verb phrase an ti. A cunglei biatlang kan leh dih ahcun ‘Minu nih mipa tilmu a tam ruangah minu cu thong an thlak’ ti khi Laiholh cun a si hnga. Mirang biatlang um tu ning cun ‘Minu cu thong an thlak; a ruang cu minu nih mipa tilmu a tam’ ti khi a si hnga.

3. A woman was sent to prison because she bit off a man’s testicle in a drunken fight

A cunglei biatlang hi a zapi te zoh ti loin kan nahtermi pawl khi kan zoh lai. Biatlang pahnih ‘a cangmi’ le ‘a ruang’ an pehmi a si. A pehtu cu conjunction a simi ‘because’ a si i because hnu le hmai i a ummi biafang veve nihkhin Subject le Verb (main verb) timi an ngeih veve. Biatlang pakhat a tlin khawhnak ah subject le verb ai tel a hau i cucu biatlang tling a sinak a si. Kan nahtermi hna ahkhin ‘To Prison’ khi zoh tikah ‘to’ timi hnu ah ‘prison’ ai peh colhmi a ruang cu ‘prison’ timi hi ‘article (a,an,the)’ loin hman tikah ‘thongtlak’ kha a langhter. Article he na hman ahcun ‘thongtlak’ si loin ‘thonginn’ tu kha a langhter duhmi a si caah ‘minu thong an thlak’ timi langhter duhnak caah ‘to prison’ tiin aa tialnak a si. Cu nih a langhtermi pakhat cu, ‘vocabulary’ theih a herhnak asi. Biafang sullam theih lo ahcun zeitindah a hmannak zong cu kan thiam rua hnga! Cun, ‘in a drunken fight’ timi tu cu a hmunhma kha a langhtermi a si ko. Mipa tilmu a tamnak cu zurit vuak/velhnak ah a si ti khi a langhter. Hika zawn ah biatlang thar ser khawh a si rihmi cu ‘zei ruangah dah minu nih mipa tilmu a tam’ ti khi biahalnak um sehlaw, ‘Why did she bite off a man’s testicle?’ ti khi a si hnga i cucu leh tikah ‘she bit off a man’s testicle because they got drunk and fought’ ti zongin a si kho hnga. ‘Where did she bite off a man’s testicle?’ tiin hal ahcun ‘… in a fight where they were/got drunk’ ti zongin leh khawh thiam a si. Chim duhmi cu, zeitluk hmanh biatlang pakhat kha sau sehlaw, zei hi dah subject, zei hi dah verb a si i zei hi dah object a si ti hliah khawh ahcun a lu le a taw leh khawh a si.

4. She successfully appealed against her sentence [Subject + Adverb + Verb + Object (preposition + possessive pronoun + noun)]

A cunglei zoh tikah biatlang pakhatte a sinak a lang. Cun, subject ah ‘she’ le main verb ah ‘appealed’ a sinak te khi hmuh khawh a si. Cucaah, hi biatlang hi a tling i amah tein a dir kho i sullam a ngeimi a si ti kha kan theih. ‘appealed against’ timi hi hmunkhat ah rian a tuantimi an si ti khawh a si. ‘Appeal’ timi cu ‘nawl than, tuah than, zuam than’ tinak khi a si i ‘against’ he an dirti tikah ‘zeidah a nawl than, zeidah a zuam than’ timi thil, a hei tuah duhmi kha a langhter i cu biafang cu ‘her sentence’ ti khi a si. ‘Sentence’ timi cu ‘dantatnak’ ti a si. A nawl thanmi cu ‘kha nu dan an tatnak’ kha a si tinak a si. A zapi tein kan leh ahcun ‘Dan an tatnak kha tlamtling tein a nawl than khawh’ ti khi a sawh duh. A case kha a tei, kan ti hnga.

5. After that, she walked free

‘After that’ timi i ‘that’ hi a cunglei nambat 4 nak khi a sawh duhmi a si. ‘After successfully appealing against her sentence’ timi khi ‘that’ nih a van rolh le hi zawn ahhin ‘that’ hi pronoun a si kan ti khawh. Kha tuah hnu ah, a luat asiloah an chuah ti khi a sawh duhmi a si. Hi biatlang hi cu a piang ngai ko rua ka ti.

6. A woman who was sent to prison for biting off a man’s testicle in a drunken fight has walked free after successfully appealing against her sentence.

A cunglei biatlang hi BBC website taktak i tadin an ttialmi cu a si. A cunglei deuh 1-5 tiang khi keimah nih hlathlainak ah tiin ka tthencheu chinmi an si. Chim duhmi cu a cunglei biatlang saupi hi tawi tete in ttial khawh a si i a sullam aa khat i a rel zong a fawi deuh hnga ti khi a si ko. Cun, biatlang saupi kan theih khawhnak dingah cu biatlang sau cu a tthencheu zia kan thiam khawh ahcun fawi tein kan leh khawh colh. A cunglei biatlang saupi hi van rel rih law, a cunglei deuh i kan van ttialmi vialte he khin van fonh law, hal awk na ngei hnga dek maw?

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Asking for Info [Biahalning]

Van Biak Thang

Thawngpang halning a phunphun in a um. A tanglei dehthum (…) ahhin hal duhmi chim a si.

Could you tell me …, (please)?
… (zaangfah tein) na ka chim kho hnga maw?

Zohchunhnak:

Could you tell me your name, please?
Zaangfah tein na min na ka chim kho hnga maw?

Could you tell me where we are, please?
Zaangfah tein atu kan umnak khoika a si hi na ka chim kho hnga maw?

Could you tell me tinak zawn ahhin a phunphun hman khawh a si:
(Excuse me) do you know …?
Can you tell me …, please?
Do you happen to know …?
(Got) any idea …?
I wonder if you could tell me …
Anybody knows …?
Did you know …?
Have you heard …?
You know anything about …?

A cunglei biahalnak leh tikah na theih a si ahcun:

(Yes,) I know …; (Yes,) I have heard about …; Someone said/told (me) …; They say …
Ka thei lo, kaa fiang lo ti bantuk chim kan duh ahcun:

I don’t know …
I have no idea …
I’m not sure …

Mah hna hmai ahhin I’m sorry asiloah I’m afraid ti chap khawh a si. Zohchunhnak:
Do you know what the word ‘biazai’ means?
Biazai timi biafang sullam na thei maw?

I’m sorry, I don’t know.
Sawri ngai si, ka thei lo.

Just wonder if you know the time?
Suimilam zeizat dah a si na thei maw (ti duhnak)?

I’m afraid I have no idea.
Ka thei lo (ti duhnak a si i hihi polite ngai a si)

Thil pakhat khat an chim tikah I think ti bantuk, I am not sure but … ti bantuk fiang huaha loin an chimmi kha fianter duh tikah, nai fiang set/taktak maw tiin hal duh ahcun:

Are you sure/certain/positive?
Are you sure/certain/positive about …?
Sure?
Really?

A si ko, ka dik ko, ka fiang ko ti chim duh ahcun:
I am sure/positive/certain
Absolutely/certainly
Yes, I am.
I swear
Definitely

Nai fian set lo, na theih set lo le na theih lo, na fian lo ahcun:
Maybe/perhaps/probably
(It’s likely …)
It seems/looks …
Sorry, I m not (too) sure …
I can’t say for sure/certain …
I guess …

A si lai lo, a si lo, zumh lonak langhter duh ahcun:
I don’t think …
It’s unlikely …
(It’s) impossible …
Perhaps not
No way
Surely not
A cunglei pinah tampi a um rih. Hi vial hi a tlangpi i hmanmi an si i a herhnak ah a chap zia le a peh zia tu thiam i zuam a hau.

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Mirang Ram Mirang Holh

Van Biak Thang

“Ha thio, ha thio!” Mi pakhat a hathio tikah nungak tlangval si ahcun aho nih dik na kong an caih tiin kan i ti tawn. Asiloah, ‘A dam, a dam’ tiin kan ti ṭheu khi. Kan ngakchiat lio ahkhan cun ‘damdam’ ti zongin an rak kan ti tawn rua, ka ti. Mi pakhat a hathio ahcun ‘Bless you’ tiah Mirang ram ahcun chim a si. ‘God bless you’ ti khi a si. An in leh ahcun ‘thank you’ an ti lai i let lo zongin an um ko lai. Hi biafang hi cauk pakhat chungah Mirang ram a phan bal lomi nih a rel in rel sehlaw, ‘Pathian nih thluachuah in pe seh,’ tiah a leh men hnga. Loh dipdep. A biafang in let loin a sullam in leh hi holhleh cu a rak si awk deuh a si.

Rian kan ṭuan lio ah ka hawipa pakhat a hathio cuahmah. Kai thawh i “Bless you” tiah neem nawn in ka hei ti. A hon ka zoh i, “I don’t want to be blessed,” a ka ti. A thinhan lung in a chimmi cu a si lo, Pathian a zum lomi a sinak a langhter duh bia a si. Biaknak dang, a bikin Muslim pawl, nihcun an rem lem lo tiah an chim ṭheu. ‘Thank you’ tiah an in leh lo zongah ziah an ka leh lo tiin ruah ding a rak si lem lo. An duh lo, an rem lo zong a rak si kho. Theih thiam tu a rak herh.

“Good morning” timi hi Laimi nih kan rak hmanmi a si lo. Kan ngei lo ti khawh a si. A biafang in kan van thlir phot i “Zingṭha” tiah kan ti. Kan hman tawnmi hna cu: Na tho ṭha maw, Na mangṭha maw, Na tho cang ti, ... tbk.. biahalnak deuh an si i chawnhmi nihkhan, “Aw, ka tho cang, ka tho ṭha,” tiah an kan leh lai. “Good morning” le “Zingtha” an dirhmun hi a nak le a rang bantukin aa ralkah. Mirang holh ahcun “Good morning” hi i ton tikah asiloah, donnak (greetings) caah an hman i “Zingṭha” timi cu Lai holh ahcun thlahnak (parting) ah hmanmi a si. “Khah, zingṭha mu,” ti ahcun kan i ṭhen lai ah kan chimmi a si. Chanthar holh belte ah ‘Na zingṭha maw?’ ti hal kan hmang ṭheu. Hihi Good morning kha Lai hman in kan hmanmi si dawh a si.

A cunglei bantuk hin “Good afternoon, Good evening” zong hi hman an si. An i khat. “Good night” belte “Mangṭha” he an dirhmun aa khat. Mangṭha timi biafang cu kan i ṭhen lai, kan i thlahnak ah hmanmi a si. Atu hrawng ah kan hman ngaimi pakhat cu “Chunṭha mu”, “chunṭha kun” ... a si. Mirang nih “Have a good day” an timi he khin i khah dawh bik an si. Australia le New Zealand ahcun ‘G’day’ timi biafang hi donnak le i ton tikah hman ngaingai an si. ‘Good day’ ti khi a sawh duhmi a si i ‘ki-dei’ tiah chim a si. Hawikom le mah rual deuh lak ahcun ‘G’day, mate’ tiah an i ti ṭheu.

Biafang tete kan i chim sual tawnmi a um len. Computer dawr ah disc ka caw lai tiah ka kal i a awchuah ka palh deuh maw a si, ka chuahning a dik hrimhrim lo dik, dick tiin an rak theih i dawr hngak pawl sum kho loin an ni. An rak theihning ahcun ‘Have you got any dicks?’ ti khi a si. Cucu a sullam kan leh ahcun ‘Chiaṭha (pa thilri) nan ngei maw?’ ti khi a rak si diam. A hnu ah ka theih i keimah tu ka ningzak. A tam deuh nihcun Diskette tiah an rak auh. Disc zong cu a aw ṭha tein chuah ahcun an theih ko hnga. Cun, chizawh khi pussy tiah kan ti ṭheu. Mirang ram ahcun pussy timi cu nu thilri caah hman deuh a si. Voikhat cu kan hawinu Mirang tarnu sinah a leng. Innka an hon on bakin chizawhte a hong tli i Lai dan takin ‘pussy, pussy’ tiah ka ti e, a ti. Mirang nu nihcun a ka zoh le a mirh duak, a ti. Inn a ṭin hnu ah a kan chimh i kan nih tu a chuak. Mah bantuk i biafang hmanning tete i ralrin ding a tam ngai.

Lam kam i tuktak a zuarmi chawdawr, Kawlholh cun laan-theih dawr kan timi, khi Mirang ram ahcun “corner shop” an ti. Mah bantuk dawr tete ahkhin tar le upa deuh pawl an chuak lut kho ngai. Thil na va cawk tikah “Hi Darling asiloah Thanks, Love” ti bantukin “darling” le “love” hmangin an in chawnh lai. A neemnak le aa dawhnak in an hman tawnmi biafang a si ti hngal loin an ka uar rua tiin na ruah sual ahcun nangmah palh.

Voikhat cu rian ka ṭuan lio ah a si. Kan manager pa nih thil lak a ka fialmi ka va pe. A hon lak i a chimmi biafang cu Lai awhchuah cun “thah” – hrik le ṭhah i ṭhah khi, a ti i a zung chungah a lut diam. Zeidah a chim aw, tiah ka lu kai kheuh. Ka theihning ah “ṭhah” a si fawn. Thah cu zeidah a si hnga, rian maw a ka fial ṭhan hnga asiloah va la ṭhan a ti duhnak hna a si hnga maw tiin a zung innka ka va kingh i ka va hal ṭhan. Zei a herhmi a um ti maw tiah ka va ti. A um ti lo a rak ka ti. Inn ka phak in “thah” cu ka kawl i a donghnak ah ka hmuh: ta = thank you. A rel tikah ‘ta asiloah tah’ tiin an ti i cucu kai lawm tinak a si ve.

Mirang holh cawn tikah zeidah a biapi bik hnga ti hi nan ruat tawn cio ko lai. Mirang holh cawn i timh tikah kanmah nih zeitindah kan chim/holh khawh lai ti nakin zeitindah an chimmi ka theih khawh lai ti tu hi a rak biapit deuh kha Mirang ram ka phak hnu ah ka hmuh. A-mirang in kan van ṭial ahcun ‘How to understand rather than how to speak’ ti a si hnga. Hi tlaihtleeng he kan kal ahcun ca kan cawnning, kan fuhpanhning le kan kalpining tampi aa dang lai.

Kan hawipa pakhat nih bia pakhat a ka hal: Mirang ram ah kum nga na um cang i mirang holh hi ka thiam bak tiin na ruat cang maw tiah. Mirang holh in kai si (bia-el) kho rih lo e tiah ka leh i kan pahnih cun kan ni len.

“Hui-ha!”

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Yes Le No Hi Laica In Zei Kan Ti?

Van Biak Thang

Naihrawng biafang kong caihmi nih biaruahnak a lumter ngai. Kawl biafang kan hmanmi kong zong nan vun tial cio i holh pakhat le pakhat pehtlaihning le pehtonhning zong a sawh chih caah thuk deuh in lehthal kan hauh zia a langhter.

‘Yes’ le ‘No’ hi Laica in zei kan ti tiah biahalnak um sehlaw, ‘si, um, aw’ le ‘si lo, si hlah, um hlah, um lo, ah’ ti phun in kan leh ko hnga. A dik. Hika i ‘um’ timi biafang hi umnak hmunhma si loin ‘eh’ tiah cohlannak kan langhternak i chimmi khi a si.

1. Is your father a pastor? [Na pa cu pastor a si maw?]
Yes [Si]

2. Is your father at home? [Na pa inn ah a um maw?]
Yes [Um]

Miphun dang holh hmannak le lehnak kong he pehtlai in naite ka tonmi vun chim ve ka duh. Mirang ca in tialmi ca pakhat ka let. Biahalnak an tuah i cu biahalnak cu ‘Yes’ le ‘No’ thim in leh ding an si. Tahchunhnak kan vun zoh lai:

3. Do you think you need to learn English? Yes/No
[Mirang holh cawn ka herh tiah na ruat maw? Si/Si Lo]
4. Has your child ever had chicken pox? Yes/No
[Na fa nih hmaihu zawtnak a ngei bal maw? Si/Si Lo]

A cunglei No. 3 le No. 4 i ‘Yes’ le ‘No’ lehmi hi sullam an ngei lo. ‘Herh, Herh Hlah’ asiloah ‘Ngei, Ngei Lo’ tiin leh lawngah sullam an ngei. A cung deuh No. 1 le No. 2 i ‘Yes’ le ‘No’ lehmi tu cu sullam ngei a si.

Asinain, tha tein vun zoh than law, vun letthal hmanh. ‘Yes’ le ‘No’ hi Laica i kan leh tikah asiloah Lai nih kan holhning chungah kan van khumh tikah amah dirhmun in sullam a ngei lo. Biatlang kan chimmi chung i ‘verb’ hnu a zul peng. No. 1 le No. 2 i ‘Yes’ le ‘No’ nihkhin ‘si, um’ timi sullam an ngeih ruangah si loin kan chimmi biatlang chung i ‘si’ le ‘um’ hnu an zulh bia tu a si.

5. Come here. [No]
[Ka hin ra. (Ah, aih)]

6. Come here. [Yes]
[Ka hin ra. (eh, aw)]

A cunglei No. 5 le No. 6 zoh tikah phundang te si hoi. Biatlang i ‘verb’ a zul ti lo. Nain, a biafang in thlir loin a hei sawh duhmi zoh ahcun ‘ah, aih, eh, aw’ nihhin ‘come (ra)’ timi bia khi an hei lehnak a si kha fiang tein lang. ‘Verb’ a zul lo nain pehtlaihnak a neih thiam caah then awk tha in an um hoi lo.

Cucaah, ‘Yes’ le ‘No’ nih Lai holh ah dirhmun/sullam an ngei lo, thli bantuk an si ti khawh a si bantukin sullam tampi an ngei ti khawh zong cu a si men lai. Hika i langhter duh bikmi cu miphun dang holh kha hliah khat lawng zoh in a thiah in thiah sual a fawite. Thuk deuh le kau deuh in lehthal i sullam ngei deuh in kan chuahpi cu a rak hau ko.

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Object le Verb Kong

Van Biak Thang

A liamciami zarh chungah subject, object le verb kong a tlangpi in kan i caih. Tuzarh cu Object le Verb an i pehtlaihning phunkhat kan zoh hna lai.

'Rawl ka ei' kan ti ahcun a eitu (subject) le eimi (object) kha ei (verb) nih a tuahter hna. Mirang cun 'I eat food' kan ti lai (I = subject; eat = verb; food = object). Nain, 'Ka it' kan ti ahcun a ittu le a itmi pakhat lawng a si. Asiloah, a ittu lawng a um i a ingtu, a itmi timi object a um ti lo. 'Tlang ka hmuh' kan ti ahcun 'I see a mountain' ti a si hnga i hmutu (keimah) le hmuhmi (tlang) an um. Nain, 'Ka kal' kan ti tikah keimah ka kalmi lawng kha a chim tikah a kaltu asiloah a tuahtu lawng a um. Cucaah, 'kal' timi verb cu 'object' a ngei lomi verb a si i 'eat' timi nihcun 'object' a ngeih. 'I eat (ka ei)' tiah chim law, aho hmanh nih an thei thiam lai lo. Zeidah a ei hnga tiah an ruah asiloah an in hal ṭhan ko lai. Cu ruangah 'ei' nihhin 'object' a herh. Amah lawngin a dir kho lo.

Object a herhmi verb kha 'transitive verb' tiah an auh i object a herh lomi verb kha 'intransitive verb' tiah an ti. Cu nih thil pakhat a kan theihtermi cu 'passive voice' timi kha a si. Object a herh lomi 'intransitive verb' kan hman ahcun cu biatlang cu 'passive voice' ah thlen khawh a si lo. 'I eat food' timi 'active voice' cu 'passive voice' ah thlen kan duh ahcun 'Food is eaten (by me)' tiah thlen khawh a si hnga nain 'I go' timi cu ai thleng kho lo. Cucaah, Active in Passive Voice thlen kan duh ahcun 'transitive verb' lawng hman khawh a si.

Acheu 'verb' cu 'transitive' asiloah 'intransitive' ah hman khawh an si. Tahchunhnak ah, 'melt' timi biafang kan zoh lai. A sullam cu 'a ti' tinak a si. 'The ice melts' kan ti ahcun 'tikhal a ti' tinak a si. Cun, 'The sun melts the ice' kan ti ahcun 'Nika nih tikhal a titter' tinak a si. A hmasa 'melt' khi kan zoh tikah 'intransitive verb' a si. Zeicatiah object a herh lo caah. Nain, a hnu deuh khi cu 'transitive verb' a si. Zeicatiah, biatlang ah object aa tel i cu aa telmi cu 'melt' nih a pehtlaihtermi a si ruangah ti khawh a si. Cu bantuk 'transitive' le 'intransitive verb' ah hman khawhmi cu 'ergative verbs' an ti hna.

Transitive Verbs: like (duh); arrest (tlaih); detain (hren, khumh); kick (chuih); beat (tuk, velh); drink (din); clean (thianh)

Intransitive Verbs: sleep (ih, it); come (rat, ra); sit (thut, thu, to); arrive (phak, phanh); lie (lih, lihchim); sneeze (hathio); snore (hnar); die (thih)

Ergative Verbs: open (on, hon); wake (thangh, ihlau), start (thok, ot); sink (pil, pilter); freeze (kik, kihter); sell (zuar, manh); boil (tlawh, tlawhter)

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

Mirang Karama: Zeidah Kan i Cinken Lai?

Van Biak Thang

Mirang ca ah holh (biachim) le ca (grammar) ai dang tiah an chim lengmang. Ai dang tak ko nain a hrampi aa khat. Holh ahcun palh ko bu zongah nolh ṭhan khawh, fianter khawh le zeidah a chim duh timi ngaihpiak khawh a si. Carel le caṭial zongah cucu zoh khawh a si ṭhiam nain palhnak kha remh awk a ṭha ti lo. Holh a si zongah caṭial a si zongah an hram taktak cu 'karama' dirhmun kha a si ko. BBC nih a hmanmi mirang ca hi 'Standard English' an ti i an holh siseh, bia an chim ah siseh karama an palh lo.

Kan kokek holh a si lomi Mirang holh kan thiam khawhnak dingah zoh ding tampi a um. Cu lakah zoh loin kan i cinken ding a hrampi a herhmi hna cu: caan (tenses) - an sining le hmannak; verb a bawmtu verb (auxiliary verb) - an sining le hmannak; phu riat (eight parts of speech) - an sining le dirhmun.

A cunglei kong hi a tawifiannak in kan ṭial cang. Kan rel sawhsawh i kan thluak i kan chiah lo ahcun thiam kan duh taktak lo tinak a si. Thiam kan duh taktak ahcun kan thluak ah a tang ding le kan zah taktak ding kha kan rian a si. Cu hnu lawngah thiamnak hram ai bunh kho lai.

Micheu nihcun holh thiam na duh ahcun 'karama' cawng loin a holh bakin holh i zuam an ti. Karama cawnnak le a umkalnak ruah i buaibainak nih a kan buaiter khawh an ti. Cun, anmah mirang zapi zaran nih karama hi 20% hrawnghlei an thei lo an ti. Cucaah, holh cawn lawng na duh ahcun a herhmi 'phrase' kha cinken i zuam law, a holh bak kha i hruh chih ti kha an chim.


BBC hmanmi mirang ca cu 'Standard English' a si kan ti nain an hmanmi khi zunghmanmi (formal) phun a si i lamkam le hawikom biaruahnak i hmanmi (informal) he ai dang deuh. BBC hmanmi mirang ca kha lamkam ah hman khawh a si lo tinak si loin BBC mirang ca lawng kan zoh ahcun lamkam hmanmi holh kan thei kho sual lai lo ti kha ruah chih a si caah 'formal' he 'informal' he hmanmi 'phrase' le biafang tete kha kan zoh chih a herh - holh lawng kan cawn duh ahcun!

A tlawm bik hi hna hi a lu le a taw let kho dingin kan i cinken lawngah a hram kan bunh khawh lai. Holh thiam kan duh ahcun biafang (vocabulary) cu kan zoh, kan zah a herh fawn. Biafang pawl hi philh a fawi tuk caah kan hman pah lengmang a herh. #

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Subject le Object Kong

Van Biak Thang

Kan chim cang bantukin subject cu muvi chung i ‘minta (actor)’ bantuk a si i object cu ‘mintami (actress)’ bantuk a si. Cu hna pahnih cu tuahsernak le cawlcanghnak timi ‘verb’ nih a komh, a peh hna. Cucu mirang biatlang (sentence) i a hrampi a si.

1) Salai likes Mai = Salai nih Mai a uar. [Salai = Subject; Mai = Object; Likes = Verb]

2) Salai from Thangtlang likes Mai from Hakha = Thantlang i Salai nih Hakha i Mai a uar.

3) Salai in red T-shirt from Thantlang likes Mai from Hakha = Angki sen ai hrukmi Thangtlang Salai nih Hakha Mai a uar.

4) Salai in red T-shirt holding a book from Thantlang likes Mai from Hakha.

5) Salai from Thantlang in red T-shirt holding a book written by David likes Mai from Hakha.

A cunglei i No. 1-5 tiang ahkhin subject cu Salai a si thiamthiam i verb cu ‘likes’ a si thiamthiam. Object zong Mai a si thiamthiam. No. 1 nak kan zoh ahcun a fiang tuk nain No. 4 nak kan zoh tikah Salai le Verb a simi ‘likes’ ai pehtlaihnak hmuh a har ngai. Cu theih khawh lawngah biatlang pakhat a sullam theih khawh a si.

Subject hi zeidah a si timi na fian lawngah verb hi zeiset dah a si ti na hmuh khawh lai i cu hnu lawngah biatlang sullam na theih lai. Asiloah, biatlang na tial, na chim khawh lai.

Biatlang pakhat a dir khawhnak dingah a herh bikmi pawl cu: Subject, Object, Main verb, le Auxiliary verb an si ti khawh a si. Hi pinah a herhmi an um len rih ko nain mah hna hi a tungtlangpi an si. A bikin, auxiliary verb cu a diklak in kan lungthin in kan i cinken a herh.

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

Subject le Object Kong

Van Biak Thang

Kan chim cang bantukin subject cu muvi chung i ‘minta (actor)’ bantuk a si i object cu ‘mintami (actress)’ bantuk a si. Cu hna pahnih cu tuahsernak le cawlcanghnak timi ‘verb’ nih a komh, a peh hna. Cucu mirang biatlang (sentence) i a hrampi a si.

1) Salai likes Mai = Salai nih Mai a uar. [Salai = Subject; Mai = Object; Likes = Verb]

2) Salai from Thangtlang likes Mai from Hakha = Thantlang i Salai nih Hakha i Mai a uar.

3) Salai in red T-shirt from Thantlang likes Mai from Hakha = Angki sen ai hrukmi Thangtlang Salai nih Hakha Mai a uar.

4) Salai in red T-shirt holding a book from Thantlang likes Mai from Hakha.

5) Salai from Thantlang in red T-shirt holding a book written by David likes Mai from Hakha.

A cunglei i No. 1-5 tiang ahkhin subject cu Salai a si thiamthiam i verb cu ‘likes’ a si thiamthiam. Object zong Mai a si thiamthiam. No. 1 nak kan zoh ahcun a fiang tuk nain No. 4 nak kan zoh tikah Salai le Verb a simi ‘likes’ ai pehtlaihnak hmuh a har ngai. Cu theih khawh lawngah biatlang pakhat a sullam theih khawh a si.

Subject hi zeidah a si timi na fian lawngah verb hi zeiset dah a si ti na hmuh khawh lai i cu hnu lawngah biatlang sullam na theih lai. Asiloah, biatlang na tial, na chim khawh lai.

Biatlang pakhat a dir khawhnak dingah a herh bikmi pawl cu: Subject, Object, Main verb, le Auxiliary verb an si ti khawh a si. Hi pinah a herhmi an um len rih ko nain mah hna hi a tungtlangpi an si. A bikin, auxiliary verb cu a diklak in kan lungthin in kan i cinken a herh.

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

Verb A Bawmtu Verb

Van Biak Thang

Biatlang pakhat a tlamtlin khawhnak dingah ‘verb’ a herh i cu a tlintertu cu ‘main verb’ ti a si. ‘Main Verb’ lila zong cu a caancaan ah bawmtu a herh ve i cucu ‘Auxiliary Verb’ an si.

A) Cauk (Book)
B) Cabuai cung cauk (Book on a table)
C) Cabuai cung cauk ka rel (I read a book on a table)
D) Cabuai cung cauk ka rel lio (I am reading a book on a table)

A le B kan zoh tikah biatlang a tling lo - cauk kong lawng a langhter. C kan zoh ahcun cauk kan rel timi a langhter tikah zei kan tuah kha theih khawh a si. Cucu ‘rel’ timi verb nih a langhter i biatlang zong a tling. Cucaah, verb a simi ‘rel’ khi ‘Main Verb’ kan ti.

A palinak (D) kan zoh tikah ‘Main Verb’ a simi ‘read’ kha ‘reading’ tiah ai thlen kan hmuh. Cu ai thlengmi a dir khawhnak dingah ‘is’ nih a bawmh i ‘is’ timi a um hnu lawngah ‘reading’ timi a ra kho. Hika zawn i ‘is’ biafang te khi ‘Main Verb’ a bawmtu a si caah verb a bawmtu a si i cucu ‘Auxiliary Verb’ kan timi cu a si.

E) Cabuai cung cauk ka rel cang (I have read a book on a table)

A cunglei E kan zoh tikah ‘read (rel)’ khi ‘Main Verb’ a si thiamthiam i ‘have’ khi a bawmtu a si caah ‘have’ hi ‘Auxiliary Verb’ cu a si. Cu nihcun ‘rel cang’ timi rel dihnak kong a langhter. A cunglei C zawn kan zoh tikah ‘rel’ timi lawng si loin ‘rel lio’ timi a langhter ve. Cucaah, ‘is’ le ‘have’ kha rel a bawmtu an sinak hmuh khawh a si.

Cucu ‘Auxiliary Verb’ a dirhmun a si. Tuan deuh kan chim cia bantukin Auxiliary Verb ahhin phun hnih an then. 1) Primary Auxiliaries le 2) Modal Auxiliaries an si. Primary Auxiliaries ahcun am, is, are, was, were (Verb to be), have, has, had (Verb to have) le do, does, did (Verb to do) an i tel. A tlangpi in hi hna an dirhmun i aa khat. ‘Main Verb’ a bawmtu an si dih.

1) Salai takes a book on a table (Salai nih cabuai cung cauk a lak)
2) Salai is taking a book on a table (Salai nih cabuai cung cauk a lak lio)
3) Salai has taken a book on a table (Salai nih cabuai cung cauk a lak cang)
4) Salai does not take a book on a table (Salai nih cabuai cung cauk a la lo)

A cunglei tahchunhnak zoh tikah ‘Main Verb’ a simi ‘lak’ kha ‘lak lio, lak cang, lak lo, lak’ tiah a dantertu cu ‘caan (tenses)’ kan timi kha an si i cucu verb a bawmtu biafang a simi ‘auxiliary verb’ hmangin biatlang kan ser. — (peh ṭhan ding)

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

Biahalning (Question)

Van Biak Thang

A tlangpi in biahalning hi phun hnih a um: Wh/h in a’ thokmi le maw tiin a dongmi. Mah ning theng a zul lomi zong cu an um ve e. ‘How are you’ ti cu kan leh ahcun ‘Zeitindah na si/na um?’ ti a si hnga, nain a sullam in kan lak ahcun ‘Na dam maw?’ tiah kan ti hnga.

Hakha-Chin........Mirang............Hmannak
Zeidah— What— Thil theih duh ah
Khoika (ah/dah)—Where —Hmunhma theih duh ah
Zeitik (ah/dah)—When— A caan theih duh ah
(A) ho (dah)—Who —A ti/tuahtu theih duh ah
(A) ho (dah)—Whom —A ingtu theih duh ah
Aho ta (dah)—Whose —A ngeitu theih duh ah
A zei khi (dah)—Which —A thengtheng theih duh ah
Zeitin (dah)—How —Ningcang theih duh ah

Zohchunhnak tawite:

What is Pa Biak?
Pa Biak cu zeidah a si (tuahmi kong hal duhnak a si tawn na’n)?

Pa Biak is a friend of mine (minung a si a hngalh lo sual ah)
Pa Biak cu ka hawi a si.

Where is he?
Khoika dah a um?

When did he come?
Zeitikdah a rak rat/phanh?

Who is it?
Aho dah?

For whom?
Aho caah?

Whose son is he?
Aho fa dah a si?

How did he come?
Zeitindah a rat?

A dang pakhat cu maw tiin a dongmi biahalning a si. Tenses i Present le Past Progressive forms ah a langmi khi cu kan chim ti lai lo. Hika kan zoh dingmi cu maw asiloah a/n si asiloah a/an um maw asiloah cang maw timi lawng a si lai.

Biafang /Hman Tinak /Hmanning
Am /I /Am I …?
Are, Were /you, we, they, plural / Are/Were + …?
Is, Was /he, she, it, I, singular / Is/Was + …?
Has /he, she, it, singular/ Has + …?
Have /I, we, they, you, plural/ Have + …?
Had /he, she, it, I, we, you, they, singular, plural/ Had + …?
Do /I, you, they, we, plural/ Do + …?
Does /he, she, it, singular/ Does + …?
Did /I, you, they, we, he, she, it, singular, plural/ Did + …?

_____________________
1 Plural ti tikahhin pakhatnak tam deuhmi thil tinak a si ko. A tam bik cu biafang a donghnak i s/es chapmi nih a langhter, s/es in a dong hrimmi dah ti lo. Cun, s/es in a dong lomi, a tam a langhtertu biafang zong an um tung: oxen, hen, feet … ti bantuk kha.

Am, Is, Are, Have, Has pawl hi Present (atu lio) caan caah hman an si i Was, Were le Had hi a dih cangmi le a luan ciami caan caah hman an si. Maw asiloah maw ti duhnak a sawh duhmi lawngte an si.

Am I so stupid?
Ka hrut tuk maw? (A hrutmi ka si maw tiin leh khawh a si)

Were they here before?
Hlan ah hika hin an rak um maw?

Is she your niece, Pa Biak?
Pa Biak, na tunu kha a si maw?

Have you been to Chin State?
Lairam na phan bal maw? (na um bal maw ti khi a sawh duh ve)

Do you think Pa Biak is so stupid?
Pa Biak khi a hrut tuk na ti maw? (… tiah na ruat maw ti duhnak)

Maw ti tikahhin a phunphun a um kho ve: maw, lio maw, cang maw, lai maw, kho maw … ti bantukin. Kan chim cang bantukin Tenses chung i chim cangmi cu kan nolh than ti lo. Can le could i biahalnak tuah ahcun ‘kho maw’, ‘kho lai maw’, ‘kho hnga maw’ ti a sawh duh i will, shall, would, should, may le might nihcun ‘lai maw’ ti an sawh duh.

Can you come?
Na ra kho (lai) maw?

Will your sister go?
Na farnu a kal lai maw?

Biatlang umtuning le thil sining zoh in sullam tampi an ngei kho.
__________________________________________________________________
2Singular ti cu a tlawmmi thil kan ti nain pakhat kha a chim duhmi a si. A fawinak cun, plural a si lomi kha a si, kan ti khawh.

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Mirangca Cuanhṭhannak ( A peh)

vanbiakthang@chinlandguardian.com

Perfect Forms
A tlangpi in kan zoh ṭhan lai.

Present Perfect :
Pa Biak has booked a ticket
: (Pa Biak nih lehhmah a ham dih cang)

Past Perfect :
Pa Biak had booked a ticket when we got there.
: (Kan va phak ah Pa Biak nih lehhmah a rak ham dih cang)

Future Perfect :
Pa Biak will have booked a ticket when we get there.
: (Kan va phak tikah Pa Biak nih lehhmah a rak ham dih cang lai)

Perfect Progressive Forms
Perfect progressive hi cu hman a tlawm, Present Perfect Progressive dah ti lo cu.

Present Perfect Progressive
* Pa Biak has been booking a ticket since yesterday.
(Pa Biak cu nizan te khan atu tiang lehhmah a ham cuahmah ko)

Past Perfect Progressive
* Pa Biak had been booking a ticket when we got here yesterday.
(Nizan i hika kan phak tiangahkhan Pa Biak cu lehhmah a rak ham cuahmah rih ko)

Future Perfect Progressive
* Pa Biak will have been booking a ticket by 10 pm tomorrow.
(Thaizing zan 10 hmanh ahkhan Pa Biak cu lehhmah a ham cuahmah liopi a si ko rih lai)

Biatlang pakhat kan chim, kan ṭial khawhnak dingah biafang phu (eight parts of speech) le caan (tenses) kan theih awk a si tiah kan ṭial cang. Biatlang pakhat a tlingmi sinak dingah a biapi ngaingaimi pakhat cu ‘verb’ a si. Cu verb cu a caancaan ah amah tein a dir khomi a si lo caah bawmh a herh. Cucu zeitik ah dah bawmh a herh tiah hal awkte a si. Caan (tenses) sining a zulh tikah bawmh a herh ti khawh a si. Aho nih dah a bawmh lai i zeitindah bawmh a si lai ti kha zoh kan i zuam hna lai.

Kan hnuzarh i kan zoh cang bantukin caan (tenses) kan timi kha ‘verb’ ai thlengmi nih a fianter hna. ‘Pa Biak books a ticket’ kan ti ahcun ‘Pa Biak nih lehhmah a ham’ tinak a si i ‘Pa Biak is booking a ticket’ kan ti ahcun ‘Pa Biak nih lehhmah a ham cuahmah lio’ tinak a si. Hi biatlang pahnih sining a dantertu cu ‘verb’ asiloah caan (tense) a langhternak hna an si. ‘Pa Biak is booking a ticket’ tinak zawn ah ‘Pa Biak le Pa Bawi’ an si ahcun ‘Pa Biak and Pa Bawi are booking’ tiah ṭial a si cang hnga. Hika zawn i zoh kan duh bikmi cu ‘is’ le ‘are’ kha a si. Cu ve bantukin ‘books’ timi zong khi ‘Pa Biak and Pa Bawi book’ tiah ai thleng lai – ‘s’ khi hlonh a si.

‘Verb’ a bawmtu pakhat cu ‘auxiliary verb’ an ti hna i Primary le Modal Auxiliaries tiin phun hnih an ṭhen. Primary Auxiliaries timi cu be, have le do an si i hi chungah ai telmi kan zoh lai:

* Be [verb to be] = am, is, are, was, were
* Have [verb to have] = has, have, had
* Do [verb to do] = does, do, did

[Hmaizarh peh ṭhan ding]

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Caan (Tenses)

Kan hnuzarh a peh...

A tlangpi in pathum a um: Present, Past le Future an si. Present timi cu ‘atu caan’; Past timi cu ‘a dih cangmi caan’; Future timi cu ‘a ra laimi caan’. Hi caan pathum nihhin fa pali cio an ngeih. Cu zoh cun caṭial le biachim a si.

Mirangca le Laica aa dannak pakhat cu verb ah a lang. Mirang ahcun verb hi aa thleng. Tahchunhnak, go, went, gone le going cu kal tinak a si, nain hman tikah an dirhmun aa dang dih. Laica ahcun kal ti lawng a si. A leh i kan leh a si ahcun ‘kal, rak kal, kal cang, kal lio’ ti a si hnga. Hi aa thlengmi verb hi hman thiam a herh.

Hi caan a thleidantertu cu verb a si. Caan sining zoh in verb hi aa thleng. Cucu, a biapi bik a si. ‘Pa Biak books a ticket’ timi ahhin verb a simi ‘book’ hi kan zoh lai.

Tenses Simple Form / Progressive Form/ Perfect Form/ Perfect Progressive Form
Present Book/s / Am/is/are booking/ Has/have booked/ Has/have been booking
Past Booked / Was/were booking/ Had booked / Had been booking
Future : Will/shall book/ Will/shall be booking/ Will/shall have booked / Will/shall have been booking

A tlangpi in simple, progressive, perfect le perfect progressive sullam i cinken ahcun a fawi deuh. Simple cu a sawhsawh a si ko; Progressive timi cu a si/cang cuahmahmi tinak a si ko; Perfect timi cu aa limmi asiloah ‘na ei cang maw’ ti i ‘cang’ a sawh duhmi khi a si ko; Perfect Progressive timi cu thil pakhat khat rak tuahmi kha atu lio zongah tuah cuahmah a si rihmi kong chimnak ah hman a si ko.

Present Simple Form
Atu caan i a cang sawhsawhmi thil langhternak caah hman a si. Cun, tuah tawnmi, ai thleng lomi, zungzal a simi thil langhter tikah hman a si.
* Pa Biak books a ticket (Pa Biak nih lehhmah a ham cia) A sawhsawh a cangmi
* Every Sunday, we go to church (Zarhpini chiar kan i pum) Tuah tawnmi
* God is love (Pathian cu dawtnak a si) Zungzal a simi

Past Simple Form
A luan ciami caan ah aa thok i a luan ciami caan ah a dihmi kong langhternak ah hmanmi a si.

Pa Biak booked a ticket yesterday.
(Nizan ah Pa Biak nih lehhmah aa ham)
This book was made of clay.
(Hi cauk hi tlak in ser a rak si)

Future Simple Form
A ra laimi caan kong langhternak ah hman a si. Cucu, will asiloah shall he hman bik a si. May le might he zong an hman tawn.

Pa Biak will book a ticket, OK?
(Pa Biak nih lehhmah a ham chung lai, hih?)

Progressive Forms
A tlangpi in a tanglei cabuai ahhin zoh hna usih.

Present Progressive / Pa Biak is booking a ticket(Pa Biak nih lehhmah a ham lio)
Past Progressive / Pa Biak was booking a ticket when we got there.(Kan va phak ah Pa Biak cu lehhmah a rak ham cuahmah)
Future Progressive / Pa Biak will be booking a ticket when we get there.(Kan va phak tikah Pa Biak cu lehhmah a rak ham cuahmah lio a si lai)

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ၾMirangca Cuanh ṭhannak

vanbiakthang@chinlandguardian.com

Mah holh thiam pinah holh dang thiam hi tuchun ni ah a biapit lawng si loin a herh ngai. Cu lakah cun mirang holh hi a pical bik pakhat ah ruah a si. Mirang ram um lo bu ah zeitindah kan thiam khawh lai timi hmuitinh in a tanglei hriamnam cheukhat cuanh than ding kha hi cabia nih ai tinhmi a si.

A chunglei thukpi pil loin mirang holh le ca thiamnak dingah hihi cu theih a herh ko timi a hram domhnak vial lawng a tawi fiannak in muaitam kan i zuam lai.

Phu (The Parts of Speech)
Book timi biafang i a sullam cu ‘cauk’ tinak a si. Cun, ‘ham’ asiloah ‘i ham chung’ ti zong a si fawn. Zeitik ah dah cauk a si i zeitik ah dah ham a si ti a dantertu cu a phu ruangah a si. Cu phu kha phu a si ti cu zeitindah theih khawh a si kun? A dirhmun in theih khawh a si. Angki sen aa hruk ahcun angki sen phu a si i angki dum aa hruk ahcun angki dum phu a si. Cu phu hna cu the parts of speech an ti i phu riat ah an then: verb, noun, pronoun, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction le interjection an si. Tahchunhnak zoh usih:

A: Books are made of ink, paper and glue. [noun phu]
Cauk pawl hi cahang, catlap le kaw in sermi an si.

B: Pa Biak books a ticket. [verb phu]
Pa Biak nih lehhmah ai ham chung.

A hmasa deuh books khi cauk [noun phu] a si i a hnu deuh books khi ham [verb phu] a si. A ruang cu an dirhmun phu aa dan ruangah a si. Laiholh zongah mah bantuk hi kan ngei ko:

A: A kal a tha lo
B: A kal kho lo

A hmasa kal [noun phu] nihkhin pumchung thilri dam lo a sawh duh i a hnu deuh kal [verb phu] nihkhin lam kal asiloah ke in kal kha a sawh duh. Cucu zeiruang ah dah an sullam aa dan timi kan theihfian khawh ahcun cu biafang hman zia cu kan thiam ko hnga, ti kha a cunglei nih a sawh duhmi a si.

Verb kan timi nihcun tuahmi, cawlcanghmi, a cangmi, a simi pawl kha a langhter. Tahchunhnak, ‘thawchuah’ cu a cawlcangmi, tuahmi a si caah ‘verb phu’ a si hnga i ‘thaw’ timi lawng kan zoh ahcun ‘thaw’ a simi min le a sining sawhsawh a langhtermi biafang a si ruangah ‘noun phu’ a si.

Noun kan timi cu thilri asiloah a simi a sinak, a cangmi a cannak le min nih a langhtermi thil a langhtertu biafang a si, kan ti lai. Tahchunhnak pakhat zoh usih:

Book books his books online.

A cunglei biatlang ahhin ‘book’ timi biafang pathum kan hmuh i a sullam cu: Pa Book nih maivan in a cauk pawl a ham hna, ti a si. A hmasa bik ‘Book’ khi minung min (subject, noun phu) a si i a hon changtu ‘books’ khi ham/ham chung (verb phu) tinak a si i a pathumnak ‘books’ khi cauk pawl tinak a si. ‘His’ cu amah pa ta/i tinak a si i a cunglei biatlang umkalning zoh tikah amah ‘Book’ lila a si lai ti kha ruah khawh a si caah ‘Pa Book’ kan ti khawhnak a si. Cun, ‘His’ timi nihkhin ‘Pa Book’ kha a hei sawh duh asiloah, ‘Pa Book’ timi biafang nolh than ti loin ‘Pa Book’ timi minung min can-ai ah ‘his’ hman a sinak te khi ‘Pronoun’ ti a si.

Pronoun kan timi cu noun can-ai ah hmanmi a si. Van chap than ahcun Pronoun kan timi cu min maw asiloah thil pakhat khat hman nolh than ding can-ai ah hmanmi biafang phu pawl kha pronoun cu an si. Pronoun phu thim ciami biafang phu an um i cucu theih dih ahcun a za ko. [Pronoun biafang pawl cu nangmah tein zoh tehna]

Adjective kan timi cu min maw, asiloah thil pakhat khat maw a fiantertu biafang a si. Cauk kan ti tikah cauk cu phun tampi a um. Zei cauk timi a langhtertu asiloah a fiantertu biafang kha adjective cu a si. Tahchunhnak kan zoh lai:

Pa Biak books a cheap ticket.
Pa Biak nih aa dengmi lehhmah a ham chung

Pa Biak nih lehhmah a ham chung ti cu theih a si nain zei bantuk lehhmah a ham chung timi a hon fiantertu cu ‘cheap’ khi a si. Khi zawn ahkhin ‘expensive (man fak)’ ti zong telh khawh a si hnga i ‘expensive’ cu adjective a si ko hnga. ( Pehṭhan ding)

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English Idiom – III [Mirang Biarau]

vanbiakthang@chinlandguardian.com

Not my cup of tea = Ka uar ci si lo, ka duh ci si lo tinak [Some people like football but it’s my cup of tea = Pumpululh chuih hi an uar ngai nain kei cu ka uar lem lo]

Hit the pot = A khen bak, ka herhmi a khen bak, ka duh ci si tinak [Yummy! This sabuti really hits the pot!= Cu tluk thawt cu! Mah sabuti nih ka duhmi a khen bak – a thaw bak tinak]

Icky = A thianghlim lo, a nuam lo, duh a nung lo tinak [Your kitchen is so icky. Why don’t you bother to clean it up? = Na coka (innte) cu a hnawmhning. Ziah, nan thianh pah ikpak lo e?]

Iffy (wishy washy) = Lung i khiah khawh lo, i fian lo, thil sining a fiang lo tinak [Things are still iffy with this new government = Hi cozah thar he hin thil zeihmanh aa fiang taktak rih lo e tinak]

No-brainer = A fawi tukmi, ruah hmanh a hau lomi, thazaang chuah hau lem loin tuah khawhmi tinak [What is one plus two? That’s a no-brainer = Pakhat le pahnih fonh zeizah? A har lo tuk ai, ruah hmanh a hau lo – a ol tukmi a si tinak]

On cloud nine = I lawmh tuk, i nuam tuk [Salai was on cloud nine when Mai gave the answer = Mai nih a phi a pek i Salai aa nuamhning cu!]

One foot in the grave = A thi dengmang, a zawt a zual i a nai cang ko tinak [Salai’s grandmother has one foot in the grave = Salai a pi cu sau a rau ti lai lo dah – a kan liam tak chom ko lai tinak]
Pass out = Thabat tuk i i hngilh colh, zu tam tuk din i i theih ti loin i hngilh beh tinak [It is not good that Salai drinks until he passes out = I theih ti lo tiangin i Salai zu a dinmi khi cu a tha lo ee tinak]

Raise the roof = Puai le hawikom he i nuamh, thang ngai in i nuamh [We are going to raise the roof at Salai’s leaving do tonight = Tuzan cu Salai thlahnak puai (leaving do) ah kan i nuam hna lai]

Sugar daddy = Nungak helh tik i phaisa le laksawng tampi pek a hmangmi pa [My sugar daddy has sent Christmas gifts and money for our church = A ka helhtu pa nihkhan Xmas laksawng le kan Khrihfabu caah phai a kan kuat]

Tightie whities = Ai teet pahmi pa bawngbi chungnawh, nu bawngbi chungnawh bantuk funtuam phun khi [Which do you prefer, tightie whities or boxer shorts?= Funtuam bawngbi chungnawh le aa-ka-sa bawngbi ahhin zeidah na duh deuh?]

The grapevine = Bia chokvai, tadinca le a fekmi thawngpang a si lomi bia [I heard through the grapevine that Mai is getting married soon = Mai va a ngei zau lai tiah bia chokvai ka theih]

Up for grabs = Thil pakhat khat a duhmi paoh nih i lak khawh a si, a free tinak [The apples are up for grabs if anyone wants them = A duhmi nan um ahcun epal khi i lak khawh cio si khih tinak]

Wimp (wuss) = Mi ralchia, ralthatnak le zuam duhnak ngei lo mi, tih a hmangmi minung [Don’t be such a wimp! Go and talk to Mai. She won’t bite you = Na ralchia tuk hlah! Va kal law, Mai cu na chawn ko. An seh lai cuh!]

Wrong side of the tracks = Sifak, harsatnak hmunhma, khua pakhat i sifak sang tinak [Salai came from the wrong side of the tracks but eventually he became rich = Salai hi mi sifak, harsatnak in a rami a si nain a donghnak ahcun mirum ah aa chuah ko]

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

English Exclamation – III [Mirang Palau]

vanbiakthang@chinlandguardian.com

[Theihternak: Mirang palau (exclamation), biarua (idiom) le biafangrual (phrase) kan cawh dih]

Poor Salai = Minung pakhat kan zaang a fah i ‘aw, zaangfak tein, amah te hmanhhmanh’ tiin kan siaherhnak kan langhternak ah hman a si. ‘Poor Salai’ ti cu mi sifak Salai tinak si loin ‘Salai cu zaangfak tein’ tinak a si. ‘Poor me’ ti ahcun nan zaang ka fak uh hih tinak a si. [Silly me ti ahcun ka hruhning hi tiin kanmah le kanmah santlaih lonak, palhnak kan chim khi.

Sure thing = ‘Thank you’ tiah an chim tik i ‘a ngah ko’ tiah lehnak [Thanks a lot for your help – Sure thing!= Na ka bawmh caah kai lawm tuk – ngah ko, a poi lo tinak]

Wakey wakey! = Aa hngilhmi i thang hna seh tiah ‘tho uh, tho uh’ ti phun in kan chimnak khi.

Pain on the arse [pain on the ass] = Aa naihniam deuhmi hawikom le theihhngalh sinah hmanmi a si i a sullam cu ‘na poi tuk eh’ tinak a si. [You don’t tell me the truth. Sometimes you are such a pain on the arse = Biatak na ka chim lo eh. A caancaan ahcun na poi taktak ko]

Let the cat out of the bag = Biathli phuan, biathli chuahter. [I am sorry Salai knows our plan. Mai let the cat out of the bag = Kan i timhlamhmi kong kha Salai nih a theih le a poi ngai. Mai nih kan biathli a phuan eh]

Hit the nail on the head = Minung pakhat nih bia a chimmi ‘na khen bak, na den bak, a thi na chuah bak’ tiin kan hnatlak kan langhter khi [You have just hit the nail on the head = Na khen bak]

Let sleeping dogs lie = Bia le thil sining chim loin hrial hramhram – Chim ahcun a herh lomi le buaibainak chuak sual lai tiin hrial zong si kho [Salai didn’t talk about CNF. He let sleeping dogs lie = Salai nih CNF kong a chim hramhram lo – a hrial. Kha ti khan um ko seh, chim lo ah a ṭha deuh a ti ti duhnak]

Go bananas = Thinghan, hnatlak lo – lungnuamh lo i lung sivangh [My dad went bananas when I said I was going to Malaysia = Malaysia ah ka kal lai ka rak ti lio ahkhan ka pa nih a rak duh lo tuk – a hna a tla lo tinak]

Big mouth = Biatam hmursau, a bia a tam i mi kong caih zong a hmang [Don’t tell Salai anything. He is a bigh mouth = Salai cu zeihmanh va chim hlah. Mi holh tam hmursau a si.]

Cross my heart = Bia kan i kam i ‘hngawng tan, nu le pa ṭangcheu’ ti bantuk i kan chimmi khi [Cross my heart, I will come to your wedding = Nan puai ah ka ra bak lai – bia kaa kam tinak]

Make ends meet = I cawm fangfang, ei chom bar chom bak lawng phaisa hmuh/ngeih [It is not easy to make ends meet in Chin State = Laitlang ahcun ei chom bar chom hmanh a fawi lo]

Smell a rat = Pakhat khat a cang, thil pakhat khat ṭhat lonak, vanchiatnak ton ding theih [I smell a rat when I see RELA in Imbi = Imbi i RELA ka hmuh hna ahcun thil pakhat khat a si cang ti ka theih]

Ring a bell = Kan theih lomi maw, kan philh sualmi maw – thei ṭhan dingin tahchunhnak le hlanlio bia kong kan chim tikah ‘na van thei kho cang maw’ kan timi khi [Her name rings a bell but I can’t remember her face = A min cu ka van theih tuk nain a mui le a hmaifang ka hliah kho lo]

By the book = Phungning le upadi ning bak i rianṭuan, cawlcangh [Trust me, Salai does everything by the book at the UNHCR Office = Ka zum ko – UN zung ahcun Salai nih zei paoh a phung ning bakin a tuah dih]

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English Idiom [Mirang Biarau]

vanbiakthang@chinlandguardian.com

[Theihternak: Idiom timi biafang hi tuan deuh kan tialmi ah ‘chimkem bia, chim tawnmi’ tiin kan rak hman nain CACC cauk chuahmi i hmanning in ‘biarau’ tiah kan hman than.]

To make a long story short = Bia kan chim tik i a sau deuh tikah a tawinak i van chim ahcun, a tawinak in chim ko ning law kan timi khi [To make the long story short, our country is in chaos = a tawinak in chim ahcun kan ram cu a buai ko]

The last straw = Harnak, buaibainak pakhat khat kan ton lio i thil fate a si ko nain a hon i chap tikah kan tonmi harnak a buaiter chintu khi. ‘The last straw breaks the camel’s back’ timi phungthluk bia in a rami a si. Kalauk hngawng a kiahtertu kha a donghnak capawlte a si tinak a si. [Salai’s drinking habit is our last straw = Salai zudin hmanmi hi dawkaw a kan buaiter chintu a si cu]

Have a strong stomach = Thil pakhat khat tuah kan i timh i pakhat le pakhat thazaang kan i pek i ‘khah, redi tein mu, na thachia hlah’ tinak khi [You need to have a strong stomach to go to Malaysia = Malaysia kal dingahcun na thawn a hau, na redi bak a hau hi mu – thil fawi a si lo, harnak phunphun ton a si khomi a si tiin langhter duhnak]

Way out of my league = Minung pakhat kong kan chim tik i ‘anih cu ai thleng tuk cang, a thangcho tuk cang, a sang tuk cang’ tinak [Can I date a girl way out of my league? = Keimah nakin a thiam a sang deuh tukmi nungak ka helh kho hnga maw?]
Party pooper = Midang an i nuamhnak, lawmhnak a hrawktu [You are a party pooper = kan party vialte na hrawk dih, na hrulhter dih tinak]

Put your mind to it = Lungtak tein tuah tinak [You can do it if you put your mind to it = Na tuahmi ah na lung na chiah ahcun na tuah khawh ko lai]

Foul up = I palh, nawnnok, tlamtlinh lo [Well, we’re just starting out so we foul up sometimes = Aa, kan thokka cu pei si cu, a caancaan ahcun kan i palh lai ta]

Shot at [try, attempt]= Na zuam hnik, na tuah hnik ding si tinak [I think you should have a shot at it = Na tuah hnik awk bak a si tiah ka ruah]

Wait up = hngah, nu le pa nih zantlai hnu i an fale inn an tin lo tikah an hngah khi [Bye Mom, don’t wait up = Mangtha, ka nu. Rak ka ka hngal hlah u]

Lose one’s head = thathir, tih, thinphan, lungtlau [As soon as I get into the UN interview room, I lose my head = UN biahalnak zung ka phak bakin ka thathir i ka lungtlau]

A pot calling the kettle black = Mah tawkheng zoh lo i mi tawkheng soi tinak khi [You’re the pot calling the kettle black = Nangmah hi mah tawkheng hmu loin mi tawkheng lawng a soimi na si tinak]

Have a bee in one’s bonnet = Thil, minung pakhat uar tuk, ruah tuk i amah kong caih, chim – a caancaan ahcun mineng a thlami [Mai never stops talking about Salai – she has got a real bee in her bonnet about him = Mai nih Salai kong caih a dai bal lo. Khuai bang a awn peng ko tinak]

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

English Exclamation – II [Mirang Palau]

vanbiakthang@chinlandguardian.com

Fianternak: Launak, lawmhnak i biachuak kan chimmi kha ‘palau (interjection)’ ti a si i cucu lungsu (exclamation mark!) he langhter a si. Cu bantuk thiamthiam sau deuh le biatlang tling deuh in kan chimmi kha lungsu (exclamation) timi a si. Tahchunhnak, ruah lo piin kan lau tuk i ‘aih!’ kan timi khi interjection a si i ‘na ka lauter tuk ah’ kan timi khi exclamation a si. Nain, hika ahcun kan cawh dih ko lai.

Bon appétit! [Enjoy your meal] = Rawl-ei ka thaw tinak

Boo = Hnatlak lonak, duh lonak langhternak i hmanmi aw. [When Than Shwe took the podium, the crowd booed = Than Shwe nih biachimnak cung a van tikah mipi nih duh loin an au]

Bugger off [go away, get lost, fuck off] = Kan duh lo, kan hnatlak lo, kan lungtlin lo tik i ‘kal ko, um ko’ kan timi khi [Bugger off! You are joking, aren’t you? = Um ko! Naa capo sawhsawh, si ko lo ma?]

Gosh [God] = Launak, lungthawhnak a neemnak in langhternak hmanmi biafang a si – aw, Pathin, maw Pathian tinak phun khi. [Gosh, I’d love to go to that concert! = Aw Pathian, cuka hlasak puai cu kal ka zuam laining!]

Here we go again [here we go] = Thil kan duh lomi a can than tik i ‘aw, hitin a si than hoi ko cuh hih’ tiin lungdong in kan zai khi

Hi there = Minung pakhat he kan i ton tik, ruah lo piin kan i hmuh tik i an min kan theih tung lomi auhnak le chawnhnak ah hmanmi [Hi there, how are you? = min theih lomi hei auhnak, na dam maw?]

Jolly good = Thil pakhat khat, ruahnak pakhat kongah a tha tiin chimnak khi – a mak, a men lo si, a tha bak si tinak [Salai is back to town. Jolly good = Salai cu khua ah a kir cang – a tha tuk cu]

Long time no hear = Na thawng ka theih lonak a sau, zeidah na lawh tinak [Salai, long time no hear! Where have you been? = Salai, thawng kan i theih lonak a sau dom! Khoika khuaram dah na phak e?]

Long time no see = Kan i hmuh lonak a sau, zeidah na lawh tinak

Lots of love = Naihniam deuhmi le theihhngalhmi sinah cakuat le email tial tik i biadonghnak ah hmanmi biafang

My goodness [Oh my God, goodness me] = Launak, khuaruahharnak le thinphannak ton tikah hmanmi biafang [My goodness! What a loud noise! = Elawkhei! Cu thluk thawng thanh cu!]

Never say die = Na lung dong hlah, a that thatnak a um ko lai tiin thazaang peknak ah chimmi bia

Oi [oy, yo] = Min theih lomi asiloah minung pakhat thinhan buin asiloah nihsawh nawn in auhnak; lamkam minung deuh nih hmanmi [Oi, you with the red hat - stop doing that! = Hei, lukhuh sen ai khuhmi, mah kha tuah ti hlah!]

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

English Exclamation – 1 [Mirang Palau]

Van Biak Thang

Fianternak: Launak, lawmhnak i biachuak kan chimmi kha ‘palau (interjection)’ ti a si i cucu lungsu (exclamation mark!) he langhter a si. Cu bantuk ṭhiamṭhiam sau deuh le biatlang tling deuh in kan chimmi kha lungsu (exclamation) timi a si. Tahchunhnak, ruah lo piin kan lau tuk i ‘aih!’ kan timi khi interjection a si i ‘na ka lauter tuk ah’ kan timi khi exclamation a si. Nain, hika ahcun kan cawh dih ko lai.

All the best [Good luck, take care, break a leg] = i ṭhen lai, i thlah lai le caṭial tik i a donghnak ah chim le ṭial a si. A sullam cu dam tein, tluang tein ti a si. (I wish you all the best of luck kha a tawinak in chimmi a si)

As you wish [as you like] = kan hna a tlak lem lo zongah ‘si ko seh, nangmah nawl, nangmah duhning in si ko seh, nangmah ṭhu’ tinak

blah blah blah = bia kan chim tikah a sau tukmi tawiternak ah kan lakmi pawl langhternak; mi pakhat a holh a tam tuk i daihternak ah hmanmi

Bless you [God bless you] = i thlah lai le i ṭhen lai ah chimmi; mi pakhat a hathio tikah chimmi (kannih nihcun aho nih dik an caih, an in ngai i a si ko lai kan timi khi)

Blimey [blind me, blame me] = keimah palh, keimah daithlan, ka hmuh lo eh – ka mitcaw tawn eh ti bantukin thil pakhat a tlamtlin lo tikah chimmi [Blimey! I didn’t see that! = Ka mit caw eh, ka hmu lo cuh!]

Crap [shit, shite, bollocks] = ek a si ko, ek bantuk a si ko tiin a poimawh tikah, thil a chiami kong kan chim tikah, santlai lo kong kan langhter duh tikah, ruah lo piin kan lau tuk tikah chimmi [Crap! I lost the game = ek ka si ko, ka sung.]

Oh dear = launak, lungretheihnak, hnatlak lonak langhternak i chimmi; ‘aw khah, a poining’ kan ti tawnmi he zong aa khat [Oh dear! You seem to have forgotten your ticket = Na tiket na philh hoi cang rua ka ti ko, cu ngai cu a poining!]

Okey dokey [OK, Okay, Okey-dokey, okey-doke] = OK timi kha capo bantuk le nuam deuh in chimnak

Oops [oopsy, whoops-a-daisy, whoops, oopsie] = Kan lau, kan palh sual tikah ‘awh, ah’ kan timi khi [Oops! I left the lid off the kettle = awh, tisa lumnak a chin chin loin ka kaltak cuh]

No worries [OK, no problem, no probs, everything will be all right] = hi bia hi Australia le New Zealand ummi nih an hman deuhmi a si i a sullam cu a poi lo, a poi lo cuh kan ti tawnmi he aa khat [Mi pakhat nih kan cungah lawmhnak (thanks) a chim tikah ‘no worries (a poi lo cuh, cu tham cu)’ kan timi khi]

Yuck [yuk, yucky, yucks] = thil pakhat kong kan chim i ‘fih a nung’ tinak; ‘awk’ ti phun i aw in kan langhtermi he aa khat [Yuck! Stop telling me about it = Fihnung in, mah kong cu ka chim ti hlah]

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Posted in: Mirang Holh Cawnnak

Hmuhton (Greetings)

vanbiakthang@chinlandguardian.com

I hmuhton tikah chim tawnmi bia hna cu: hi, hi there, hello, hello there, hey, alright, how are you, how do you do, what’s up, OK … an si. Hi biafang hna hi minung min asiloah, man, gal, boy, girl, mate, friend … ti bantuk nih a zulh khawh.

A Hi Pa Biak, how are you1?
Pa Biak, na dam maw?

B (I am) Fine, thanks2! Yourself?
Dam e. Nang tah?

A Very well, thank you!
Ka dam ko.

B How’s things?4
Zeitin?

A Yeah, not so bad!5
Si, tha ko.

B You are Pa Hup, right?
Pa Hup na si lo maw kha?

A Yea, you are right (I am).
Aw, Pa Hup ka si.

B Everything’s OK?
A tlamtling dih ko lo maw?

A Yea, man. Just OK.
Aw, a tlam tling ko (A awkhe ko).

Zinglei le Zanlei
Chunhlan paoh cu ‘Good morning’ tiah chim ṭheu a si. Nikhua chiatṭhat si loin pakhat le pakhat i donnak tu a si. I, a lehnak zong ‘Good morning’ thiam a si. A caancaan belte ah ‘Morning’ lawng an chim. Laiholh in leh awk a har ngai. A dirhmun tu cu ‘hello’ ti tluk khi a si.

A Good morning, Pa Biak.
B Good morning, Pa Hup.

‘Good morning’ hi kan leh ahcun zingtha ti a si hnga i zingṭha ti cu kannih nihcun thlahnak ah kan hman deuh. Donnak ah kan hmang lo. Kannih nih kan hman (ding) mi cu ‘na tho tha maw’ asiloah ‘na dam maw’ ti kha a si ko. Chanthar holh deuh chim ahcun ‘Na zingtha maw?’ tiah ti khawh a si. Leh tik belte ah ‘Ka zingtha, na zingtha ve maw?’ ti a si hnga.

A Good morning, Pa Biak.
Na zingṭha maw, Pa Biak?

B Good morning, Pa Hup.
Na zingṭha ve maw, Pa Hup?

Laiholh ahcun ‘A ṭha’ asiloah ‘Ka zingṭha’ tiin leh ta a si hnga. Hihi kan i dannak a si i mirang i an hmanning tu kan theih a hau ko hnga.

Cu he a’ khatmi cu ‘Good afternoon’ le ‘Good evening’ an si.

A Hiya, good evening. How’s your day?
Hei, na zanlei tha ma, nihin zeidah na lawh?

B Hi, good evening. It’s great, thanks.
Hei, na zanlei ṭha ve maw, a ṭha ngai.

Zungrian ah an hman ngaimi cu ‘How do you do’ ti hi a si, an ti. Mino le zapi nih hmanmi a si lem lo. Meting ti bantuk i kuttlaih pah in an chim tawnmi donnak bia a si. A lehnak zong ‘How do you do’ ti thiam a si.

A How do you do, Mr. Biak?
B How do you do, Mr. Hup?

Nice/pleased to see you ti kha mah dih hin an hman tawnmi a si.

(Footnotes)

1How are you?, ti can-ai ah a cunglei biafang pawl khi hman khawh an si.
How are you? [hi upa le zapi sinah bia1ṭha a si.]
(Are) you OK [ti tehna zong an hman.]

2 I’m alright (asiloah) I ’m OK [ ti tehna zong hman khawh an si.]
3 And you (asiloah) what about you [ti zong hman an si ve.]
4 Hika ah, [how are things / how is it going] ti khawh a si.
5 Hi zawnah Yeah, fine!/Alright/ OK ti zong hman an si.

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